Peltier Paper free essay sample

Paltrier Paper Leonard Paltrier was convicted for the death of two federal bureau of Investigation agents during a shootout on the pine ridge Indian reservation. Mr.. Paltrier served over 29 years in prison. This case happened on June 29, 1975 while two federal bureau of investigation agents In unmarked cars followed a red pick-up truck onto the Jumping ball ranch believing It was a man accused of kidnap and armed assault. Paltrier was there also because he was asked by people at pine ridge, South Dakota to support and protect the people being targeted for violence.The red Plock- p truck really contained peeler and two other American Indian movement members. When shots were heard, families became alarmed of the agents and stood In fear. Shots were heard and a shoot -out erupted. According to records there were more than 40 native American gun fights, but only three AIM (American Indian movement) members Bob Rideau, Darrell Butler, and Leonard Paltrier were brought to trial. We will write a custom essay sample on Peltier Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bob Rideau and Darrell butler were found non guilty in the participation on the shoot out because fear existed and could not be tied to the close ; range shooting.With Leonard paltrier, the united states presented the Canadian court with a letter signed by myrtle poor bear who said she was a girlfriend and saw him shoot the agents. Later myrtle said that the agents threatened her to sign. Also three teenagers testified against Mr.. Paltrier, and later admitted that federal bureau of investigation forced them to testify against paltrier. Then federal bureau of investigation ballistics testified that a casing found near the agents bodies matched the gun to paltrier however, later a ballistics test proved that it didnt come from liter. Unaware of all facts, the Jury claimed paltrier guilty. The Judge Benson just sentenced him for two consecutive life terms. The federal bureau of investigation has engaged in lying Just to keep Leonard paltrier in prison. They are also being bias because they cannot find out who really killed there agents so they claim false statements for the power they have and abuse that power. They were also being intimidating because they threatened all the members that testified against paltrier during the case.They know they dont have any evidence on paltrier but intention to be in denial. They know he deserves Justice and that he did not commit the crime. Leonard paltrier was actually charged without evidence and did not lustily his criminal sentence. Every person that testified had said it was by force by federal bureau of investigation agents. There were multiple people there at the scene but they only charged Leonard peeler. Also, Leonard peeler discovered new evidence through the freedom of Information act, he then wanted a new trial and the court had denied him a new trial.This case serves Injustice because the lack of evidence towards paltrier and denying him a trial knowing what they did was wrong. People may believe that because the agents were following peeler that he was the one who shot the federal bureau of Investigation agents but, there Is unclear evidence, denied him trial because they were In denial, and no one actually seen the killings making Leonard paltrier not guilty for the killings of the two agents. By Jacksonville 9 investigation agents during a shootout on the pine ridge Indian reservation. Mr.. Deader bureau of investigation agents in unmarked cars followed a red pick-up truck onto the Jumping ball ranch believing it was a man accused of kidnap and armed Dakota to support and protect the people being targeted for violence. The red pick- up truck really contained paltrier and two other American Indian movement members. When shots were heard, families became alarmed of the agents and stood in fear. Shoot out because fear existed and could not be tied to the close range shooting. paltrier. Unaware of all facts, the Jury claimed paltrier guilty. The Judge Benson Just paltrier during the case.

The Jaguar, by Ted Hughes Essays

The Jaguar, by Ted Hughes Essays The Jaguar, by Ted Hughes Paper The Jaguar, by Ted Hughes Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Jaguar, by Ted Hughes, Ted Hughes explains his admiration for the Jaguar in this poem. The poem is describing a zoo where most of the animals, except the jaguar and the parrots, are being lazy and boring. We can tell this from the way Hughes describes their movement and appearance. He shows his enthusiasm and passion for the jaguar by using many metaphors and hyperboles. Although he does not share the same like towards the parrots, he does go into great detail to describe their actions. He explains how they sell themselves like cheap tarts to the on looking audience and remarks on the way they shriek and walk. One of the most bold and eye-catching ways he shows his enthusiasm for the jaguar is going from the second verse to the third. As the jaguar comes into the poem, he immediately picks up the pace, leaving behind a slow, dull atmosphere created by the other animals. He does this by using descriptive words such as yawn, fatigued, and sleepers, to emphasize the slow pace in the first two verses. He moves on in the third verse using words like runs, and hurrying, and furious. This immediately and effectively shows his overwhelming admiration for the jaguar over the other animals. From the first verse and then from the third on, the poet uses enjambment to carry on the feeling on between verses, for example, between the first and second; Fatigued with indolence, tiger and lion Lie still as the sun, This shows how he carries on the feeling without the use of any punctuation when going to the next verse. He does this to add to the feeling of tiredness and slow pace by making the line longer to read without punctuation. At the end of the second verse, the poet describes the majority of the animals as; Painted on a nursery wall. He is showing that these animals look so harmless and tame that they would just be like a simple kids toy and also the fact that their movement is either slow or they are not moving at all. He feels they are so harmless that they remind him of paintings. The pace of the poem is picked up when a crowd of people start to run over and flock beside the jaguars cage, where the jaguar is pacing about on a short fierce fuse, suggesting that the jaguar could explode any minute into a complete fit of rage. This is the poet using words to describe how the jaguar feels to have all of these people crowding round him, watching every move that he makes. But straight after, he then describes the jaguar as if it can not fully accept the fact it is in this cage and acts as if it is its actual habitat, or one day believes that it can escape the zoo and get back to its original place of living, but theres no cage to him. In the final verse, the poet begins to sum up and changes his tune towards the jaguar;more than a visionary to his cell, he is basically saying it does not care about who or what is around it; it is just looking to the future. He adds to his feelings for the jaguar by exaggerating somewhat how the crowds are just waiting to see what he will do next, the world rolls over the thrust of his heel. Here, the poet is using hyperbole to exaggerate his feelings towards the jaguar and make out as if the jaguar is the most important thing in the world at that time, when quite simply it is no where near. In this poem, the poet, Ted Hughes expresses his enthusiasm towards the subject by describing the jaguars superiority over the other animals in the zoo. All of this is extremely effective in aiding his description and highlighting the uniqueness of the jaguar to the rest. Overall this poem gave good decisive descriptions of movement and of setting and showed the poets likes and dislike towards animals clearly and understandably.

Close Reading Interpretation of a FilmFavela Rising Movie Review

Close Reading Interpretation of a FilmFavela Rising - Movie Review Example He starts a revolution in order to offer an alternative life to the youth other than trafficking. He uses music as a device to make people aware of their oppressive condition and the ones who were causing and sustaining that condition. The documentary shows that the entire Favela society was plagued by the evil of trafficking because the culture was not internalized by the youth or the elderly. The prestige and power attached with a drug lord or the traffickers was something that attracted all the boys. A young boy talks about this in the movie. He says that drug traffickers have motorcycles and they get all the girls and talks about having plans about pursuing this path to get these perks. This lack of internalization of culture was identified by Sa who started the Afro Reggae movement to help the youth embrace their culture. With workshops they helped them to learn music and create awareness through revolutionary lyrics. Not only does the movie talks about how drug trafficking and violence is making life miserable for the residents it also talks about the failure of the state, the government and police to stabilize situation. The documentary suggests that the corruption is the main cause of misery. Drug trafficking is flourishing because of the corrupt police who help the traffickers. Apart from highlighting what the problem is, the film also points out the cause. It suggests that the police officials are corrupt because they are paid very less and they are not trained. Lack of proper training and control results in their inhumane behavior and brutality and low wages force them to be corrupt. The documentary shows how the people of the town are afraid of dying one day. Sa’s girl friend for instance says that she is scared that one day she will also be a victim of this violence. This can happen on any random day, in a market or street or school. The people of the town have no security at all. While the entire world is tangled in the knots of consumerism and competition of living the best and luxurious life the concern of these people on the other hand is just security of life. The documentary is one sole reason why the people around the world are now aware of the miserable condition of the people living in this town of Brazil. While the entire world weeps with the Israeli martyrs there is no one looking at the misery of these innocent sufferers in Brazil. The number of deaths in this part of the world is however far greater but still unnoticed. Hence the film gives these people a voice and tells the entire world their story. The film is showcased in a way that every individual is immersed in it. Spectatators connect with the characters and live their experiences. The film is compelling. This inspirational story of a social activist tells the world that social change is possible. War or arms are not the only way to end discrimination or violence. Alternatives are always possible. Though the cinematography, raw interviews and live s cenes carve the hearts of many, some critical observers may argue that at some instances the movie leaves no room for interpretation and gives a definite frame, beginning and ending to the audience. A lot of times the scenes were all created. These were not natural shots but these scenes were created. Cinema techniques and software tools were used to enhance

Sayyid Qutbs Milestones Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sayyid Qutbs Milestones - Assignment Example The story unfolds that faith and beliefs in adult peoples minds are predetermined while a child poises questions to these faith and beliefs. The story has two principal characters; a six-year-old boy and a man by the name Shaykh Naqib. Naqib is an adult with bizarre demeanor who walks around naked, pour dust and mud over his naked body, run through streets screaming in a shrill and terrifying voice. The adults of the village describe Naqib’s behavior as an approach to reach the sainthood after taking a particular medicine. The protagonist, then a six-year-old boy who also once took the same foul-smelling, foul-testing bitter medicine fails to understand why the same medicine turned Naqib into a fearsome wandering devil. The adult believes Naqib is favored by God because only those who are favored by the God can have the special medicine. It cleans soul, purifies spirit, and the human becomes a Magzub. Thus, Naqib is a Magzub. In Arabic, Magzub represents an individual who lives in a divine attraction. A Magzub does not adhere to social norms. Thus by walking naked and performing other bizarre things, Naqib never v iolated social norms. Naqib is a saint in adults’ minds, but for children he is a devil who can reach them with his terrible stick from any distance; then burn their backs, and break their ribs. The author in this story uses perception conflict of the same fact or phenomenon by two different generations; adults perceive through wisdom, children through instinct. Furthermore, the author in this regard does not provide an answer as to who is right and who is wrong. He leaves it under reader’s judgment; how to find the truth – through wisdom or instinct? The culmination of the story is dramatic, even revolutionary to a certain extent. Protagonist becomes sick; another woman recommends his mother to send him for a night to the Magzub.

Leadership and Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership and Performance Management - Essay Example In addition to that, recession also added to their demise. Heavy operating costs allowed other competitors with lower costs to capture North American market which was GM’s territory earlier. While assessing some of the decisions taken by GM’s leadership, it was found that closure of GM’s hybrid cars unit along with layoffs and prior faulty acquisitions added to GM’s expense list which had no means to be satisfied. 1.1 Key Findings GM has faced problems due to its highly bureaucratic culture and sluggish approach towards development and innovation. Its slow performance in the recent years has its roots in its earlier catastrophic decisions that were taken in 1970s and 80s but had a long-term impact on the organizational performance which ultimately leads to a government bailout in 2009. GM has made several bad investments in the vehicle models that were not answering consumer’s requirements and also were competitive to each other which further result ed in slow growth of the company. GM had various brands at its portfolio which required major expenses in terms of research and development for proper brand management. Failure to keep up with consumers’ demands ultimately lead to slow sales of these brands which affected cash inflow in turn (Maynard, 2009). Instead of ensuring that consumers’ demands for compact and energy-efficient cars is met, GM under the leadership of Wagoner, shut down EV1 electric cars program. With lower vehicle sales, the operating expenses and manufacturing costs increased greatly as a result of which GM was forced to increase its prices. The burden was passed onto the consumer which act as a deterrent for GM’s sales. As a result of this program’s shutdown, billions were lost in terms of research and development. Furthermore, there was a major recall from the roads which made GM compensate the lessees for the losses incurred. The already manufactured models were crushed which no t only failed to recover original manufacturing costs but also added to it due to extra expenses incurred in terms of amortization. Failure to capture the niche market on timely basis allowed Japanese cars to capture a major North market share which was the territory of GM earlier (Hartung, 2009). Shutting down hybrid cars program had a major impact on GM’s profitability. But most importantly, it affected the brand image greatly. It strengthen GM’s persona of being a giant and slow enterprise incapable of understanding consumer’s requirement and respond to it accordingly. Due to global recession and GM’s series of bad decisions especially poor brand management, faulty investments and shut down of hybrid cars, GM filed a loss of over $ 30 million dollars. These losses include major amounts in terms of lowered share prices and also exceptional operational expenses. After filing these losses, GM filed for bankruptcy and was later bailed out by US government. 1.2 Evidences One of the major evidences that indicated GM’s catastrophic decision making failures was GM’s financial statements and other reports published on the subject matter. According to Hargreaves (2008), â€Å"General Motors reported a huge second-quarter net loss Friday of $15.5 billion, after restructuring and other charges, as the automaker's run of troubles continued. The automaker lost $27.33 per share in the quarter, compared to a

History of Green Marketing

History of Green Marketing According to the American Marketing Association Green Marketing is the marketing of Products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. Thus Green Marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as well as modifying advertising. Yet defining green marketing is not a simple task where several meanings intersect and contradict each other, an example of this will be the existence of varying social, environmental and retail definitions attached to this term. History of Green Marketing: The term Green Marketing came into prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The American Marketing Association (AMA) held the first workshop on Ecological Marketing in 1975. The proceeding of this workshop resulted in one of the first books on green marketing entitled. Ecological Marketing Three keys to successful Green Marketing: Show potential customers that you follow green business practices and you could reap more green on your bottom line. Green Marketing isnt just a catchphrase; its a marketing strategy that can help you get more customers and make more money. But only if you do it right. For green marketing to be effective, you have to do three things; be genuine, educate your customers, and give them the opportunity to participate. Being Genuine Being Genuine means that a) that you are actually doing what you claim to be doing in your green marketing campaign and b) that the rest of your business policies are consistent with whatever you are doing thats environmentally friendly. Educating your Customers Educating your Customers isnt just a matter of letting people know youre doing whatever youre doing to protect the environment, but also a matter of letting them know why it Matters Otherwise, for a significant portion of your target market, its a case of So what? And your green marketing campaign goes nowhere. Giving your customer an opportunity to participate: Giving your customer an opportunity to participate means personalizing the benefits of your environmentally friendly actions, normally through letting the customer take part in positive environmental action. Why Green Marketing? As resources are limited and human wants are unlimited, it is important for the marketers to utilize the resources efficiently without waste as well as to achieve the organizations objective. So green Marketing is inevitable. There is growing interest among the customers all over the world regarding Protection of environment. World Wide Evidence indicates people are concerned about the Environment and are changing their Behavior. Benefits of Green Marketing: Companies that develop new and improved products and services with environment inputs in mind give themselves access to new markets, increase their profit Sustainability, and enjoy a Competitive advantage over the Companies which are not concerned for the Environment. Adoption of Green Marketing: There are basically five reasons for which a marketer should go for the adoption of  Green marketing. They are Opportunities or competitive advantage Corporate social responsibilities Government pressure Competitive pressure Cost or profit issues Green Marketing Mix: Every company has its own favorite marketing mix. Some have 4 Ps and some have 7 Ps marketing mix. The 4 Ps of green marketing are that of a conventional marketing but the challenge before is to use 4 Ps in an innovative manner Product The ecological objectives in planning products are to reduce resource consumption and pollution and to increase conservation of scarce resources Price Price is a critical and important factor of green marketing mix. Most consumers will only be prepared to pay additional value if there is a perception of extra product value this value may be improved performance, function, design, visual appeal or taste Green marketing should take all these facts into consideration while charging a premium price Promotion There are three of green advertising:- Ads that address a relationship between a product/service and the biophysical environment Those that promote a green life style by highlighting a product or service. Ads that present a corporate image of environmental responsibility. Place The choice of where and when to make a product available will have. Strategies for Green Marketing: The marketing strategies for green marketing include: Marketing Audit ( Including internal and external situation analysis) Develop a marketing plan outlining strategies with regard to 4 Ps. Implement Marketing strategies. Plan result evaluation Challenges ahead Green Marketing: Green products require renewable and recyclable material, which is costly Requires a technology, which requires huge investment in R D Water treatment technology, which is too costly Majority of the people are not aware of green products and their uses Majority of the consumers are not willing to pay a premium for green products. Conclusion: Green marketing should not neglect the economic aspect of marketing. Marketers need to understand the implications of green marketing. If you think customers are not concerned about environmental issues or will not pay a premium for products that are more eco-responsible, think again. You must find an opportunity enhance you products performance and strengthen your customers loyalty and command a higher price. Green marketing is still in its infancy and a lot of research is to be done on green marketing to fully explore its potential. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research design which has been formed for this research  article is descriptive research design. The nature of data which is  collected and used for this research article is secondary. The  relevant and required data are collected from secondary sources  such as text books, national as well as international articles

Therapy Session Experience Review Essay -- Family Therapy, Family Coun

Our first session with the Smith family was very informative. The first 20 minutes of the session were the most noteworthy because of our effectiveness joining with the family and the depth of information we gained. This achievement is due, in part, to having all four of the Smith’s participate in the session. Pinsof (as cited in Sprenkle, Davis, & Lebow, 2014) believes that having the entire family involved in the therapy sessions from the beginning gives the therapist a clearer understanding of the system and â€Å"a more accurate understanding of the problem maintenance structure† (p.39). As the Smith family entered the therapy room, Regina’s tension was evident before the session officially began. As they were about to sit down, she quickly moved between George and Rob. During the session, I observed George making faces, rolling his eyes, and whisper comments to Rob. Rob would respond by making jokes about hurting George or threatening physical gestures; pu nching his fist into the palm of his other hand or moving a finger across his throat in a slashing motion. Afterward Rob would smile at Theresa and me and shrug his shoulders but George would act as though he hadn’t participated in the exchange. Regina and Kevin did not acknowledge George's behavior but would sigh or frown at Rob’s. This interaction would not have been observed if the entire family hadn’t attended. The session began with a brief introduction of everyone in the room which was followed by an ice breaker activity. During a previous classroom demonstration, markers were used as an ice breaker with a young family (D. Baker, personal communication, March 18, 2014). It was a simple action that created a connection so I adopted the practice. According to Patterson, ... ...: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Guildford Press. Patterson, J., Williams, L., Edwards, T. M., Chamow, L., Grauf-Grounds, C. (2009). Essential skills in family therapy (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Strengthening Families, (2014). Mormon.org. Retrieved from: http://www.mormon.org/values/family. Sprenkle, J., Davis, S. D., Lebow, J. L. (2009). Common factors in couple and family therapy: The overlooked foundation for effective practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Taibbi, R. (2007). Doing family therapy: Craft and creativity in clinical practice (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Walsh, F. (2008). Spirituality, healing, and resilience. In M. McGoldrick and K. V. Hardy (Ed.), Re-visioning family therapy: Race, culture, and gender in clinical practice (2nd Ed.) (pp. 61-75). New York, NY: Guildford Press.

Automatic Room Light Controller with Didirectional Visitor Counter

CHAPTER :- 1 Project Overview 1. Introduction Of Project 1. 1 Project Definition: Project title is â€Å"AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER â€Å". The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor and can know present number of persons. In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life.Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to have congestion. This circuit proves to be helpful. 1. 2 Project Overview This Project â€Å"Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter using Microcontroller is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting number of persons/ visitors in the room v ery accurately. When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one.The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers, When any object pass through the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receiver are obstructed , this obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller CHAPTER :- 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION 2. 1Basic Block DiagramEnter Exit Relay Driver A T 8 9 S 5 2 Signal Conditioning Exit Sensor Enter Sensor Light Signal Conditioning Power Supply Fig. 2. 1 Basic Block Diagram 2. 2 Blo ck Diagram Description The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller is shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consist of the following essential blocks. 1. Power Supply 2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit 3. AT 89S52 micro-controller 4. Relay driver circuit 1. Power Supply:- Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. 12 voltage is given. +12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805, which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply. 2. Enter and Exit Circuits:- This is one of the main part of our project. The main intention of this block is to sense the person. For sensing the person and light we are using the light dependent register (LDR). By using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can count the persons. 3. 89S52 Microcontroller:- It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8KB of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM).The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the MCS-51TM instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic hip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful Microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution so many embedded control applications. 4. Relay Driver Circuit:- This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices.In this block mainly we are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using to control the light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor, which we are further energizing the particular relay. Because of this appropriate device is selected and it do its allott ed function. CHAPTER :- 3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Transmission Circuit:- Fig. 3. 1 Transmitter circuit Receiver Circuit:- Fig. 3. 2 Receiver circuit * CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION: There are two main parts of the circuits. 1. Transmission Circuits (Infrared LEDs) 2. Receiver Circuit (Sensors) . Transmission Circuit: Fig. 3. 3 Transmitter circuit This circuit diagram shows how a 555 timer IC is configured to function as a basic monostable multivibrator. A monostable multivibrator is a timing circuit that changes state once triggered, but returns to its original state after a certain time delay. It got its name from the fact that only one of its output states is stable. It is also known as a ‘one-shot'. In this circuit, a negative pulse applied at pin 2 triggers an internal flip-flop that turns off pin 7's discharge transistor, allowing C1 to charge up through R1.At the same time, the flip-flop brings the output (pin 3) level to ‘high'. When capacitor C1 as charged up to about 2/3 Vcc, t he flip-flop is triggered once again, this time making the pin 3 output ‘low' and turning on pin 7's discharge transistor, which discharges C1 to ground. This circuit, in effect, produces a pulse at pin 3 whose width t is just the product of R1 and C1, i. e. , t=R1C1. IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the modulated 36 kHz IR signal. The IC555 in the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the preset in the transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. round 1. 4K we get a 38 kHz signal. Then you point it over the sensor and its o/p will go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz. 2. Receiver Circuit: Fig. 3. 4 Receiver circuit The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver we use TSOP1738 (Infrared Sensor). The output goes high when the there is an interruption and it return back to low after the time period determined by the capacitor and resistor in the circuit. I. e. around 1 second. CL100 is to trigger the IC555 which is configured as monostable multivibrator. Input is given to the Port 1 of the microcontroller.Port 0 is used for the 7-Segment display purpose. Port 2 is used for the Relay Turn On and Turn off Purpose. LTS 542 (Common Anode) is used for 7-Segment display. And that time Relay will get Voltage and triggered so light will get voltage and it will turn on. And when counter will be 00 that time Relay will be turned off. Reset button will reset the microcontroller. CHAPTER :- 4 HARDWARE DESIGN ; DESCRIPTIONS Hardware Design:- Infrared Sensor TSOP1738 Microcontroller AT89S52 Relay 7-Segment Display Timer IC 555 Fig. 4. 1 Snap of the entire circuit 4. 1 Procedure Followed While Designing:In the beginning I designed the circuit in DIPTRACE software. Dip trace is a circuit designing software. After completion of the designing circuit I prepared the layout. Then I programmed the microcontroller using KEIL software using hex file. Then soldering process was done. After completion of the soldering process I tested the circuit. Still the desired output was not obtained and so troubleshooting was done. In the process of troubleshooting I found the circuit aptly soldered and connected and hence came to conclusion that there was error in programming section which was later rectified and the desired results were obtained. . 2 List of Components: Following is the list of components that are necessary to build the assembly of the Digital Speedometer Cum Odometer: * Microcontroller – AT89S52 * IC – 7805 * Sensor – TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor) * Transformer – 12-0-12, 500 mA * Preset – 4. 7K * Disc capacitor – 104,33pF * Reset button switch * Rectifier diode – IN4148 * Transistor – BC 547, CL 100 * 7-Segment Display 4. 3 Description of Components 4. 3. 1 Microcontroller AT89S52: The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory.The device is manu factured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the Industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.The Power-down mode saves the RAM con- tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. FEATURES:- * 8 KB Reprogrammable flash. * 32 Programmable I/O lines. * 16 bit Timer/Counter—3. * 8 Interrupt sources. * Power range: 4V – 5. 5V * Endurance : 1000 Writes / Erase cycles * Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz * Three level program memory lock * Power off flag * Full duplex UART serial channel * Low power idle and power down modes * Interrupt recovery from power down modes * 256 KB internal RAM * Dual data pointer 4. 3. 2TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)Fig. 4. 2 Infrared Sensor Description: The TSOP17.. – Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decode d by a microprocessor. TSOP17.. is the standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major transmission codes. Features: * Photo detector and preamplifier in one package * Internal filter for PCM frequency * Improved shielding against electrical field disturbance * TTL and CMOS compatibility * Output active low Low power consumption * High immunity against ambient light * Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps) * Suitable burst length . 10 cycles/burst Block Diagram: Fig. 4. 3 Block Diagram of TSOP 1738 Application Circuit: Fig. 4. 4 Application circuit 4. 3. 3 555 ( TIMER IC): Fig. 4. 5 Timer IC(555) Description: The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor.For astable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to 200mA or drive TTL circuits. Features: * Direct replacement for SE555/NE555 * Timing from microseconds through hours * Operates in both astable and monostable modes * Adjustable duty cycle * Output can source or sink 200 mA * Output and supply TTL compatible * Temperature stability better than 0. 05% per  °C * Normally on and normally off output * Available in 8-pin MSOP package Applications: * Precision timing * Pulse generation * Sequential timing * Time delay generation * Pulse width modulation * Pulse position modulation * Linear ramp generator 5. 3. 4 LTS 542 (7-Segment Display) Description: The LTS 542 is a 0. 52 inch digit height single digit seven-segment display. This device utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED chips, which are made from GaAsP on GaP substrate, and has a red face and red segment. Fi g. 4. 6 7 Segment Features: * Common Anode * 0. 52 Inch Digit Height * Continuous Uniform Segments Low power Requirement * Excellent Characters Appearance * High Brightness ; High Contrast * Wide Viewing Angle 5. 3. 5 LM7805 (Voltage Regulator) Fig. 4. 7 Voltage Regulator Description: The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulator are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current.Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. Features: * Output Current up to 1A * Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V * Thermal Overload Protection * Short Circuit Protection * Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection 5. 3. 6 RELAY CIRCUIT: Fig. 4. 8 Relay A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller.So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating any other electrical devices. Normally the relay remains off. As soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is the standard diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q3 when the relay releases. LED L2 indicates relay on. CHAPTER :- 5 SOFTWARE DESIGN FLOW CHART: Start Infrared Signal Transmission Interrupted from Sensor1 Interrupted from Sensor 2 Turn On Relay Counter Incremented Counter DecrementedCounter set to 0 Relay Turn Off Turn On Light Turn Off Light F ig. 4. 7 Flow Chart * If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 2. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if it is first time interrupted. * If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1. And if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count. * When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay will turn off. And light will be turn off. CHAPTER :- 6 TESTING AND RESULTSTesting And Results We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when we turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues related to it, which we faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost wise a We started our project by making power supply. That is easy for me but when I turn toward the main circuit, there are many problems and issues related to it, which are I faced, like component selection, which components is better than other and its feature and cost wise also, then refer the data books and other materials related to its.I had issues with better or correct result, which I desired. And also the software problem. I also had some soldering issues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We had issues with better or correct result, which we desired. And also the software problem. We also had some soldering issues which were resolved using continuity checks performed on the hardware. We started testing the circuit from the power supply. There we got over first trouble. After getting 9V from the transformer it was not converted to 5V and the circuit received 9V.As the solder was shorted IC 7805 got burnt. So we replaced the IC7805. also the circuit part around the IC7805 were completely damaged.. with the help of the solder we made the necessary paths. CHAPTER :- 7 FUTURE E XPANSION FUTURE EXPANSION * By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various applications Such as fans, tube lights, etc. * By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can achieve a task of opening and closing the door. CHAPTER :- 8 APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES ; DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES ; DISADVANTAGES Application * For counting purposes * For automatic room light control * Advantages * Low cost * Easy to use * Implement in single door * Disadvantages * It is used only when one single person cuts the rays of the sensor hence it cannot be used when two person cross simultaneously. CHAPTER :- 8 BIBILOGRAPHY Bibliography * Reference Books * Programming in ANSI C: E BALAGURUSAMY * The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems: MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI * The 8051 microcontroller: KENNETH J. AYALA * Website * www. datasheets4u. com * www. 8051. com

Edgar Allen Poe Essays (1127 words) - Edgar Allan Poe, Free Essays

Edgar Allen Poe Essays (1127 words) - Edgar Allan Poe, Free Essays Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Written and Contributed by SUGABUGA456 Edgar Allan Poe was one of Americas famous poets, fiction short-story writers, and literary critics. He is known as the first master of short story form especially in tales of horror, and mystery. The work he produced was considered to be some of the most influential literary criticism of his time. His poems made him one of the most famous figures in American literary history. His influence on literature is seen in all literature books in schools everywhere. Some of his famous writings is that of Annabel Lee; his detective story, The Murders in Rue Morgue; The Pit and the Pendulum and The Tell-Tale Heart are the best among his horror stories; and The Raven one of his best poems which among all these, made him very famous in 1845. The Fall of the House of Usher, and The Masque of the Red Death, made him a forerunner of symbolism, and impressionism. Poe antagonized many people with a scathing campaign against an American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow for supposed plagiarism. Later that year Poe admitted to being drunk, which further separated him from the public. Poes later years were full of economic hardship and ill health. Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. He was orphaned at the early age of two, his father deserted the family and his mother died all before he was three in 1811, then Poe became a ward and was raised as a foster child by John Allan, a wealthy merchant of tobacco, and his wife Frances in Richmond, VA but they never legally adopted him. Taken by the Allan family to England at the age of six, Poe was placed in a private school. In 1826 Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. where he acquired gambling debts that John Allan refused to pay. Eventually, Poe was forced to withdraw from the university, and Allan prevented his return to the university and broke off Poes engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his Richmond sweetheart. His relationship with Allan was declined and he moved from his foster father and enlisted in the army. Also in 1827, he went to Boston where he wrote his fist book Tamerlane and other poems that he sold for $.12 a copy but it didnt sell. He served a two year term while waiting for an appointment to the US Military Academy. While temporarily reconciled, Allan secured him an appointment to the academy. In 1830 Poe entered the US Military Academy at West Point, NY, where he excelled in languages but was expelled in 1831 and now his foster father disowned him permanently. Later on sometime after 1831 he moved to Baltimore where he lived with his aunt, Maria Clemm, and her daughter- his cousin, Virginia Clemm. March 27, 1834 John Allan dies leaving Poe with nothing. In May of 1836 he married Virginia, his 13-year old cousin. For 10 years Poe worked as an editor for various periodicals and contributor to magazines in several cites on the pay of $10 a week, so he was unable to support his family, his aunt, Virginia, and himself. Lots of time they went without eating. But it was in one of those that his story The Fall of the House of Usher first appeared in 1839. He unsuccessfully tried to found and edit his own magazine which would have granted him financial security and artistic control in what he considered a hostile literary marketplace. The last years of Poes life was a tragic period. In January of 1842 Virginia broke a blood vessel while singing, and died of tuberculosis on January 30, 1847 after five years of illness. Then Poe himself became ill, he had a deadly addiction to liquor and his alleged use of drugs which probably contributed to his early death. In the summer of 1849 he revisited Richmond, lectured , and was accepted anew by the fiance he had lost in 1826. After his return north he was found unconscious on a Baltimore street. Poe was only 40 when he died in 1849. Newspapers gave the cause of death as congestion of the brain and cerebral inflammation, which my sources

The Goal essays

The Goal essays The Goal by Eliyahu M. Goldratt, is the story of a man who at his crossroads, and what direction he decides to take. The story is about a plant manager named Alex Rogo. We find Alex six months into his first plant managers position at UniCo, in the UniWare Division. The plant is located in Bearington Massachusetts, where Alex grew up. UniCo is definitely a manufacturing plant, what they manufacture, I still do not know. The story begins when Alexs supervisor, Bill Peach, comes into the plant and nearly turns everything upside down. After Alex puts out all of the fires that Bill had set, they sit down in Alexs office and talk. Bill tells Alex that production has gone down in the six months that Alex has been at the helms, and an irate customer, Bucky Burnside, has an order that is fifty-six days overdue, and Alex must get that order shipped before anything else. Bill also says that if the plant does not turn around in the next three months, he will make a recommendation to close the plant. A few days later, Alex hears more of the same at a corporate meeting and figures out why Bill was upset. After the meeting Alex reaches for something and comes across a cigar he received from a chance encounter from and old physicist he knew from his college days. While waiting for in between flights at OHare, Alex wandered into an airport and found himself sitting next to the physicist named Jonah who worked on mathematical models while he was an undergraduate engineering student. Alex and Jonah start talking, and Alex mentions he is going to speak at a seminar. His topic is Robotics: Solution for the 80s to Americas Productivity Crisis. Alex tells Jonah that his plant has more robots than any other plant in the division. Jonah is not very impressed. Jonah asks how much productivity has improved because of the use of the robots. Alex answers that there is a 36% improvement in one area...

ESL PAPER based on ''outcast united'' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ESL PAPER based on ''outcast united'' - Essay Example In fact, the coaching style of Coach Luma was what the kids needed to push themselves hard and to be better than what they actually are because it is only their selves that they got in a foreign country. This kids cannot afford to be lax because they do not have any support system to fall back on so they need to be pushed hard. In addition, the fiery style of Coach Luma may be acceptable to these kids who may have been desensitized already having seen violence and murder from their respective countries of origin. They may not take offense with the strong language and style of Luma because they are used to it already. Had Coach Luma Mufleh been a â€Å"nice† coach, these kids may perceive it as soft and thus weak that they would not respect the coaching style. This coaching style of Coach Luma is not applicable to affluent suburban town due to many reasons. First, their circumstances are different. Kids in affluent suburban town have very strong support system and they do not need to be berated to push themselves hard. These kids may be spoiled and Luma’s coaching style may not sit well with that instead of being motivated to train harder, they may fight back at the coach. In addition, there may be parents watching during training. If Coach Luma will do to the affluent suburban kids what was done to the refugee kids, the coach may be in a big trouble with the lawsuits that will be filed by the parents. Kids from affluent suburban cities are also sensitive and are not used to being berated. They are used to American treatment that kids are being treated nicely and protected by anti-child abuse law. If Coach Luma yells at them, the coach may be sued. Child abuse is a serious case in America. This is not to say that Coach Luma’s coaching style is bad. It is just that it can only be applicable and effective to a certain set of

Self-build Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Self-build - Dissertation Example Findings revealed that the self-builders are satisfied with most of their projects’ aspects and all share a desire to promote self-building to other families. However, self-builders find the planning and permission gathering process tedious and tend to consume much of their time, money, and energy. Therefore, policy reforms regarding planning and permissions are suggested to alleviate the hardships that self-builders face even at the early stages of the project. Most importantly, the study revealed that planning is a significant component of self-building which primarily influences cost and build time. Self-builders should therefore, take it incumbent upon themselves to put the same effort to planning as they would the actual building. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Table of Contents 2 List of Figures 3 Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION 4 Chapter 2 – EVALUATION OF SELF-BUILD CONSTRUCTION METHODS 7 Chapter 3 – REVIEW OF THE PROCESS OF SELF BUILDING 14 Looking / Finding Land 15 Financing the Self-Build Project 15 Designing the Self-Build Project 16 Planning the Self-Build Project 16 Choosing the Building System 17 Project Management 19 Compliance with Building Regulations 20 Building Contract 22 Compliance to Health and Safety 23 Materials and Scheduling 23 Chapter 4 – ANALYSIS OF THE PILOT STUDY DATA 26 Chapter 5 – CONCLUSION 43 REFERENCES 45 Appendix 1 – SURVEY INSTRUMENT 48 List of Figures Figure 1: Greatest Motivation to Self-Build 27 Figure 2: How Land was Availed of for the Self-Build Project 28 Figure 3: Factors which Facilitated Availment of Land for Self-Build Project 29 Figure 4: Early Problems Encountered in Self-Build 30 Figure 5: Type of Land / Plot Purchased or Used 31 Figure 6: Mortgage Type Availed 32 Figure 7: Build System Used 33 Figure 8: Total Floor Area 34 Figure 9: Status of Self-Build Home 35 Figure 10: Self-Build Project Budget 36 Figure 11: Percent of Budget Covered by Loan 37 Figure 12: Pers on Who Handled the Self-Build Project 38 Figure 13: Build Time 39 Figure 14: Level of Satisfaction on the Outcome of the Self-Build Project 40 Figure 15: Suggested Self-Build Reforms 41 Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION The construction industry in the United Kingdom provides employment to about 2.4 million people. The sector contributed 8 per cent to the UK Gross Domestic Product. The construction sector also supports all other industries and government services in the UK in terms of their dominant role in the establishment of buildings and infrastructure. This may yet be a signal that as of 2010, the construction sector is springing back up from the slump in 2009 precipitated by the deepening recession (The Construction Industry Training Board, 2010). A review of the construction output reported by Office for National Statistics (2011), however, revealed that total output from the sector dropped by 18.3 per cent in February of this year, from last quarter figures. New work output de creased by 19.1 per cent, while repair and maintenance plummeted by 16.8 per cent. The largest decrease in construction output was in new work for private housing at 23.3 per cent. This documented decline may well be a consequence of the problem of housing affordability which Riley (2005) forecasted to be getting worse in the coming years. The government lost no time in implementing interventions to ease out